I don't have any problem at all with motive being taken into consideration when a person is sentenced for a crime, (that's a normal part of the justice system, just as a number of other factors are taken into consideration) but I've said many times over the years that I have definite philosophical problems with "hate crime" laws as a concept...
You just touched on one of the problems; determining who should and who should not qualify as a "protected class"...
I think "hate crime" laws raise serious equal protection questions, and I'm also not keen on the idea of formally criminalizing people's attitudes or beliefs, (no matter how repellent and odious those attitudes and beliefs may be to me, or to society in general.) However, I don't have a problem with something like, "the intent here was to terrorize an entire community or group of people" being considered as an aggravating factor for sentencing under a standard crime (assault, manslaughter, murder, etc.)
This approach also gets around the who is and who isn't a "protected class" issue. In the hypothetical wes poses this could automatically be considered without the need to have a separate law. (The "community" in this specific case being those who are so misguided as to support Donald Trump)
Additionally, while I don't have statistics on this, I suspect that the deterrence effect of "hate crime" laws is precisely zero. I
strongly doubt that one single person who wanted to attack or kill anyone based on their race, religion, sexual orientation, (or any other "protected class") has ever thought to themselves, "oh boy I better not do this; I might be charged with a hate crime" and then decided not to do it.
The knuckle dragging mouth breathers who commit these kinds of crimes simply don't think things through in that way. And if they don't have the smarts to be restrained by the penalties for the underlying
real crime, (assault, manslaughter, murder etc.) why on earth would they feel restrained by the prospect of being charged with a "hate crime"? It's simply not logical...
So with zero deterrence value, and a whole lot of equal protection and other issues, why do "hate crime" laws exist? I think the answer to that is pretty simple. They exist solely so that politicians and professional activists can have a "feel good" (but completely ineffectual in practical terms) vehicle for pandering to various "protected classes".
Which is yet another problem I have with "hate crime" laws...
One final problem:
The media has developed a fetish like PC obsession (which certainly does not serve the public) over whether or not a heinous crime that has become publicized is also going to bring a "hate crime" charge. (Probably in the interest of sensationalism.)
In my view, it grossly trivializes the underlying heinous act to have that sort of focus. The mass murder that I referenced earlier is a perfect example of this. I was frankly appalled at the amount of coverage and talking-head yammering that was devoted to "will this guy be charged with a hate crime?"
Hello? The cowardly scumbag murdered nine defenseless people in cold blood. Who gives a flying fuck whether or not he's charged with a "hate crime" with
nine counts of homicide pending?

.
Obviously he was motivated by hatred; anybody who even superficially followed the case knows this. But South Carolina has the wisdom to be a Death Penalty state, and the case couldn't be more open and shut. If charging and trying this piece of garbage for a "hate crime" delays his date with the needle by even
one day, DON'T DO IT...
So to summarize, the downsides to "hate crime" laws are numerous, and the benefits are nil...
Unless one sees providing a vehicle for media sensationalism and empty self-righteous political posturing as "benefits"...
I don't...
And the sentence rube began this thread with shouting:
A man poured boiling water on a gay couple. Georgia won't charge him with a hate crime.
Beautifully illustrates my point on the "empty self-righteous political posturing" score...